Sunday, February 14, 2016

Two 12,000-year-old cave lion cubs have emerged from thawing ice in Siberia, preserved in remarkable detail


After thousands of years trapped beneath the ice, their young faces are still covered in fur. You can even make out the whiskers on their cheeks and the tips of their sharp retractable claws.
Named for the Siberian riverbank where they were found, Uyan and Dina are the most complete cave lion remains ever discovered. They could prove key to learning more about a species that became extinct over 12,000 years ago.
Over the summer of 2015, flooding along the Uyandina River exposed the ice lens where the cubs were buried. By a stroke of luck, a team of contractors was in the area collecting mammoth tusks. One worker, Yakov Androsov, spotted the remains through a crack in the ice.
Knowing they had uncovered the remains of a feline predator, Androsov immediately placed the cubs in a glacier to prevent thawing.
The cave lion once roamed everywhere from the British Isles to the Yukon in Canada
After so many years trapped in the harsh Siberian cold, the cubs are in surprisingly good condition.
"Their woolen cover, legs, tails, ears, eyes, and even moustaches were preserved," says Androsov.
While they cannot say for certain how old the remains are, Androsov says previous findings suggest they are more than 12,000 years old.
"The most likely cause of their death is a collapse of soil, which walled up the lion's den," says Androsov.
The cubs were probably between two and three weeks old when they died, as their baby teeth had not yet come through, according to Albert Protopopov, head of the Department of Mammoth Fauna Study at the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). They were the size of well-fed housecats, and he says it is unclear if they had opened their eyes for the first time.
Until now, everything we knew about cave lions came from Stone Age art and fossilised bones.
One of the largest feline predators of the ice ages, the cave lion made its way from Africa to Europe about 700,000 years ago, gradually spreading to most of North Eurasia. The size of a modern-day Siberian tiger, the cave lion once roamed everywhere from the British Isles to the Yukon in Canada.
Plans for a comprehensive study are underway, with scientists around the world eager to contribute. Aside from determining the cubs' exact age, Protopopov hopes the findings will shed light on their lifestyle, family connections and nutrition, as well as the origin of the species.
Valery Plotnikov, chief researcher at the Academy's Department of Mammoth Fauna Study, has planned a summer expedition to further explore the area where the cubs were found.
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Saturday, February 13, 2016

It's all around us and allows us to see the world. But most of us would struggle to explain what light actually is


Light is what allows us to understand the world we live in. Our language reflects this: after groping in the dark, we see the light and understanding dawns.
Yet light is one of those things that we don't tend to understand. If you were to zoom in on a ray of light, what would you see? Sure, light travels incredibly fast, but what is it that's doing the travelling? Many of us would struggle to explain.
It doesn't have to be that way. Light certainly has puzzled the greatest minds for centuries, but landmark discoveries made over the last 150 years have robbed light of its mystery. We actually know, more or less, what it is.
Not only do today's physicists understand the nature of light, they are learning to control it with ever-greater precision – which means light could soon be put to work in surprising new ways. That is part of the reason why the United Nations designated 2015 as the International Year of Light.

Gravitational waves offer ‘a new window on the Universe’

As the scientific world and enthusiasts marvel at the validation of Albert Einstein’s theory of the existence of gravitational waves.
What practical impact will it have on the science of astronomy?
Gianpietro Cagnoli at the Advanced Material Laboratory in Lyon provided parts for LIGO’s interferometers that captured the gravitational waves:
“This discovery opens a new window on the Universe. We have the opportunity to study in a completely different way obscure phenomena.
We have already understood for many years that the universe can be studied by observing with different instruments: traditional telescopes, radio astronomy, cosmic rays, high-energy particles, and now we have also added gravitational waves. And so we hope it will help raise our level of knowledge of the Universe.”
The full interview will be aired next week in our science magazine.

Tuesday, February 9, 2016

Germany train crash: Several killed near Bavarian town of Bad Aibling

Two passenger trains have collided in the German state of Bavaria, with police saying at least four people have been killed and scores injured.
The head-on crash happened near Bad Aibling, a spa town about 60km (37 miles) south-east of Munich.
One of the trains was derailed in the crash and several carriages were overturned, German media reported.
Police said rescue teams were trying to free people still trapped in the wreckage.
Regional police said in a tweet (in German) that four people were dead and about 100 injured, of whom 15 were in a critical condition and 40 seriously hurt.
"This is the biggest accident we have had in years in this region and we have many emergency doctors, ambulances and helicopters on the scene," another police spokesman, Stefan Sonntag, told the Associated Press news agency.
Regional train company Meridian said in a statement that "a tragic accident" had occurred on a single-track route between Rosenheim and Holzkirchen at about 07:00 local time (06:00 GMT)
Bernd Rosenbach, managing director of Bayerische Oberlandbahn which operates Meridian trains, told reporters: "The accident is a huge shock for us. We are doing everything we can to help the travellers, relatives and workers."
Technical manager Fabian Amini added: "Our thanks go to the emergency services and workers who gave their help so quickly."
The scene of the crash is close to the Mangfall river in a hilly and densely wooded region.
Although the trains were carrying commuters, local carnival holidays meant no schoolchildren were on board, according to reports.
The cause of the collision is not yet known.
Roads around the scene have been closed and the railway line between Holzkirchen and Rosenheim is blocked, local media reported.
German Justice Minister Heiko Maas tweeted (in German): "Really awful news from #badaibling - our thoughts are with the victims and injured. Thanks to the rescue workers"
Bernd Rosenbach, managing director of Bayerische Oberlandbahn which operates Meridian trains, told reporters: "The accident is a huge shock for us. We are doing everything we can to help the travellers, relatives and workers."
Technical manager Fabian Amini added: "Our thanks go to the emergency services and workers who gave their help so quickly."
The scene of the crash is close to the Mangfall river in a hilly and densely wooded region.
Although the trains were carrying commuters, local carnival holidays meant no schoolchildren were on board, according to reports.
The cause of the collision is not yet known.
Roads around the scene have been closed and the railway line between Holzkirchen and Rosenheim is blocked, local media reported.
German Justice Minister Heiko Maas tweeted (in German): "Really awful news from #badaibling - our thoughts are with the victims and injured. Thanks to the rescue workers"

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Saturday, February 6, 2016

Somali plane 'was holed by bomb' after Mogadishu take-off

A blast that punched a large hole in the fuselage of a passenger plane at Somalia's Mogadishu airport on Tuesday was caused by a bomb, officials say.
"It was a bomb that exploded in the Daallo Airlines flight. It was meant to kill all aboard," Transport Minister Ali Ahmed Jamac said.
One passenger was sucked out of the plane and died, and two other passengers were injured.
The Djibouti-bound Airbus 321 was forced to make an emergency landing.
Some reports suggest that an explosive device may have been hidden inside a laptop of one of the passengers.
The blast happened shortly after take-off from the Somali capital.
No militant group has so far said it was behind the explosion.


In a statement shortly after the incident, Daallo Airlines said an investigation was launched by Somalia's Civil Aviation Authority, as well as a technical team from the aircraft's owners and its manufacturers, Airbus.Mohamed Hassan, a police officer in Balad, an agricultural town 30km (18 miles) north of Mogadishu, said residents had found the body of a man who might have fallen from the plane.
Serbian captain Vlatko Vodopivec said at the time he and others were told the explosion was caused by a bomb.
"It was my first bomb; I hope it will be the last,'' Mr Vodopivec said. He said the blast happened when the plane was at around 11,000ft (3,350m).
"It would have been much worse if we were higher," he added.
Daallo Airlines flies regularly from its base in Dubai to Somalia and Djibouti.
Somalia is battling militant Islamist group al-Shabab that has been carrying out deadly attacks in its quest to establish an Islamic state.

Ecuador protests to Turkey over Erdogan speech scuffle

Ecuador has protested to Turkey over an incident in which demonstrators were violently ejected during a speech by visiting Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in the capital, Quito.
Three women protesters were thrown out of the venue by Turkish security. An Ecuadorean MP was also reportedly injured during Thursday's incident.
Ecuador's foreign minister says the guards' behaviour was "irresponsible".
Mr Erdogan was in Quito to boost diplomatic and trade ties with Ecuador.
As Mr Erdogan prepared to hold a news conference at the National Higher Studies Institute, protesters demonstrated against recent operations by Turkey against the Kurdistan Workers's Party (PKK) militant group.
Inside the hall, when the three women heckled Mr Erdogan, they were set upon by his personal guards and a scuffle ensued. One protester was momentarily placed in a headlock.
According to local media, a member of Mr Erdogan's security entourage attacked a protester as the Turkish president left the building.
And a member of the Ecuadorean National Assembly was reportedly injured while trying to protect the protesters.
Lawmaker Diego Vintimilla posted images on his Twitter account showing himself with cuts to his nose and hands and a bruise on his arm.

Envoy summoned

Ecuador said disproportionate force had been used by the security guards. Deputy Foreign Affairs Minister Fernando Yepez has summoned the Turkish ambassador in Quito, urging him to explain the violence.
Ecuadorean Interior Minister Jose Serrano said police had requested that the bodyguards involved in the incident surrender their passports on Friday.
However, Mr Erdogan and his entourage have since left the country. No comments from his government over the incident have been reported.
The PKK is considered a terrorist group by Turkey and its Western allies and has fought a 30-year insurgency in south-eastern Turkey in which tens of thousands of people have been killed.
There have been repeated clashes between PKK separatists and the Turkish army in recent months, and the violence has recently escalated.
Turkey has previously dismissed claims by the PKK that the government is attacking it "to stop the Kurdish advance against Islamic State [in Syria]".

Tuesday, February 2, 2016

Great Salt Lake, Oblique View

While passing over the Rocky Mountains, an astronaut aboard the International Space Station took this photograph of the Great Salt Lake and the Bonneville Flats. As seen from orbit, the lake is unique because its two halves are different colors and because the railroad causeway that divides it is aligned exactly east-west.
Cities are hard to detect in daylight views from space, and so Salt Lake City is almost invisible. (Compare it to thisnight view.) The small rectangular patterns on both sides of the lake are evaporation ponds, from which various salts are collected in commercial operations.
The construction of the railroad causeway completely altered the original circulation of this shallow desert lake, and only two small culverts now join the two halves. As a result, the waters on either side have different salt concentrations and temperatures—an effect that becomes apparent in the color difference. The north basin (right) is saltier, and the salt-loving algae color the water shades of red. The south basin (left) is less salty and typically contains algae that color the water green.
From space, astronauts can see the Great Salt Lake as a remnant of a much larger body of water that used to cover the entire Bonneville Flats and other valleys in Utah. Water would have covered most of the view shown here except for the Wasatch Mountains and a few isolated peaks that would have appeared as islands. Ancient Lake Bonneville, as it has been named, was nearly as large as Lake Michigan and existed from 32,000 to 14,000 years ago. It formed during the last ice age when meltwater from numerous glaciers filled the basin and evaporation rates were much lower.
The white, salt-encrusted floor of the ancient lake has been used by racing enthusiasts for decades; the faint outlines of Bonneville Speedway appears near the top right. These flats are where many land speed records have been set.
  1. Related Images

  2. NASA Earth Observatory (2014, January 6) Salt Lake City at Night.
  3. NASA Earth Observatory (2007, July 16) Algae in Great Salt Lake.
  4. NASA Earth Observatory (2004, January 19) Effect of Drought on Great Salt Lake.
Astronaut photograph ISS043-E-123891 was acquired on April 4, 2015, with a Nikon D4 digital camera using a 170 millimeter lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 43 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by M. Justin Wilkinson, Texas State U., Jacobs Contract at NASA-JSC.

Rio 2016: Zika virus concern for British Olympians

British Olympians have described the rapid spread of the Zika virus in Brazil as "devastating and "daunting".
Brazilian authorities said there was no risk to athletes and spectators, except pregnant women, at the Olympics which runs from 5-21 August in Rio.
"If it was me I'd be in a very uncomfortable situation," said ex-world badminton champion Gail Emms.
Britain's modern pentathlete Samantha Murray is set to compete in Rio and has been given medical assurances.
She said: "It is scary and daunting."
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the virus a global public health emergency.
"It's just devastating because this is something that's your dream and you want it to go perfectly," added Emms, 38, who won silver at the Athens Games in 2004. "You would feel frustrated, angry, and really worried about your friends and family.
"When I was going to Beijing [Olympics] I was 31 years old and I knew that was my last tournament before retiring, and I wanted to start a family. That would be playing on my mind.
"As a mother I can only just hope the best solution can be found quickly. I see the pictures and reports and I cry. It's just absolutely devastating."
The Rio 2016 organising committee has raised concerns about the rapid spread of the infection.
But a spokesperson said the Rio organisers have not yet seen evidence of people cancelling travel to the Games.
Communications director Mario Andrada added they will follow travel guidelines issued by WHO.
Britain's modern pentathlon Olympic silver medallist Murray will still be competing in Rio despite the concerns.
She told BBC Sport: "It is scary and daunting when looking at the news.
"It puts fear in everyone but as an athlete you get used to travelling around the world where you are at risk of infection. We have been assured by experts and Team GB and BOA that everything is being done to prepare the team.
"I have a chance at a second Olympics and I believe in the team around me and the medical team. I know I will be as best prepared. Hopefully I can be on the podium again."
David Sparkes , chief executive of British Swimming, said: "British Swimming is fully engaged with all relevant authorities and continues to brief the team based on the very latest advice.
"We will fully implement all advised measures, such as bite prevention strategies, to ensure the health and wellbeing of the team as this is our highest priority. This information will be continually reviewed and updated."
What is the Zika virus?
  • The infection has been linked to cases of microcephaly, in which babies are born with underdeveloped brains.
  • The biggest concern is the impact it could have on babies developing in the womb.
  • There have been about 4,000 reported cases of microcephaly in Brazil alone since October.
  • Currently, there is no vaccine or medication to stop Zika. The only way to avoid catching it is to avoid getting bitten by the Aedes mosquitoes that transmit the infection.

Amir Khan to fight Saul Alvarez for world title in Las Vegas

Britain's Amir Khan will fight Mexico's Saul Alvarez for the WBC world middleweight title on 7 May in Las Vegas.
Khan, 29, a former light-welterweight world champion, has not fought sinceoutpointing Chris Algieri in New York in May.
Alvarez, 25, beat Miguel Cotto by a unanimous points decision to claim the title in Las Vegas in November.
Alvarez has lost once and won 46 of his 48 fights.
The fight has been set at a catchweight of 155lb, eight more than Khan weighed in victory against Algieri and a jump of two weight divisions.
The usual weight limit for middleweight is 160lb, but Alvarez's last few fights have had the same weight stipulatioKhan's announcement also rules him out of a fight against IBF welterweight champion and domestic rival Kell Brook at Wembley on June 4.
"I know Canelo fights the best and wouldn't pass up the opportunity to face me like others have," said Khan. "My goal is to always fight the biggest names and the best fighters. That is why I'm excited for this fight.
"I know I have the speed and ability to beat him and will give my fans what they deserve."
"As the middleweight champion of the world, I will take on the best fighters in the sport and on Cinco De Mayo weekend, I look forward to making the first defence of my titles," said Alvarez.
"Amir was a decorated amateur, a two-time world champion and is in the prime of his career. Fans are in for a great fight."
Khan has won 31 and lost three of his 34 professional fights.
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